Cassini Titan Radar Mapper

The Cassini Titan Radar Mapper is a multimode radar instrument designed to probe the optically inaccessible surface of Titan, Saturn's largest moon. The instrument is to be included in the payload of the Cassini Saturn Mission, scheduled for launch in 1995. The individual modes of Cassini Radar Mapper will allow topographic mapping and surface imaging at few hundred meters resolution. The requirements that lay behind the design are briefly discussed, and the configuration and capability of the instrument are described. The present limited knowledge of Titan's surface and the measurement requirements imposed on the radar instrument are addressed. Also discussed are the Cassini mission and the projected orbits, which imposed another set of design constraints that led to the multitude of modes and to an unconventional antenna configuration. The antenna configuration and the different radar modes are described     

Treatment of strong nitrogen swine wastewater in a full-scale sequencing batch reactor.

Treatment of swine wastewater containing strong nitrogen was attempted in a full-scale SBR. The strongest swine wastewater was discharged from a slurry-type barn and called swine-slurry wastewater (SSW). Slightly weaker wastewater was produced from a scraper-type barn and called swine-urine wastewater (SUW). TCOD, NH4+-N and TSS in raw SSW were 23,000-72,000 mg/L, 3,500-6,000 mg/L and 17,000-50,000 mg/L, respectively. A whole cycle of SBR consists of 4 sub-cycles with anoxic period of 1 hr and aerobic period of 3 hr. The maximum loading rates of both digested-SSW and SUW were similar to 0.22 kg NH4+-N/m3/day whereas the maximum loading rates of raw SSW was up to 0.35 TN/m3/day on keeping the effluent quality of 60 TN mg/l. The VFAs portion of SCOD in raw SSW was about more than 60%. The VFAs in SUW and digested-SSW were about 22% and 15%, respectively. NH4+-N and PO4(3-)-P in SSW were removed efficiently compared to those in digested-SSW and DUW because SSW had high a C/N ratio and readily biodegradable organic. High concentration of organic was useful to enhance denitrification and P uptake. Also the amount of external carbon for denitrification was reduced to 5% and 10% of those for digested-SSW and SUW.     

Novel ESD strategy for high voltage non-volatile programming pin application

This paper presents a novel ESD strategy for non-volatile memory (NVM) programming pin in a 0.13um/30V technology. Suggested scheme can provide not only a major current discharge path to protect the internal circuit from ESD damage but also a voltage clamping function to prevent the soft error of programmed data during the ESD event. It has been validated by TLP experiments and TCAD simulation.     

CDMA Mobile System Testbed and Field Test

This paper briefly explains the configuration of CDMA Mobile System (CMS) test bed. The measured fading and delay results of CDMA signal in Taejon area are shown. In comparison to other cellular systems, there are more parameters in the CDMA systems that affect system performance and capacity. We performed the optimization test of the selected parameters and present the effect of each parameter on the performance. This paper presents the capacity and performance test results of CMS. The capacity test was performed on ETRI site of three sectors in Taejon area. The performance tests include call completion rate, busy hour call attempt, and the delay characteristics of voice.     

Preparation of PANI-coated poly(styrene-co-styrene sulfonate) nanoparticles

Poly(styrene-co-styrene sulfonate) (PS-PSS) latexes have been coated with thin overlayer of polyaniline (PANI) to produce electrically conductive ‘core-shell’ particles (PANI/PS-PSS) in the size of range 30-50 nm in diameter. PS-PSS core particles were prepared by radical emulsion copolymerization and PANI was oxidatively polymerized using ammonium peroxydisulfate (APS) on the surface of PS-PSS latex. PANI thin overlayer was observed in transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images indicating polymerization of aniline takes place preferably on the PS-PSS surface rather than in the aqueous bulk phase. Elemental analysis revealed that the weight percent of styrene sulfonate in PS-PSS copolymer was ca. 5.4% and the conductivities of PANI/PS-PSS pellets were greatly increased with the increase of nitrogen content. Thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) thermograms showed two main degradation stages beginning at 360 and 460°C that correspond to the decomposition of PS-PSS and PANI, respectively.     

Effect of lipectomy on growth and development of hyperinsulinemia and hyperlipidemia in the Zucker rat

The Zucker fat rat inherits obesity and hyperinsulinemia, exhibits insulin resistance, and is, therefore, a model of adult onset, or type II, diabetes. The purpose of this study was to determine if excision of fat depots from the infant Zucker (fa+/fa+) rat would affect growth, fat cell number, hyperinsulinism, and hyperlipidemia. In the experimental design, 10 percent of the total body weight (inguinal and interscapular depots) was excised at 6 weeks of age from 18 fat and 18 lean (fa+/fa-) litter mates, with 18 fat and 18 lean rats serving as nonoperated controls. At intervals, serum glucose, insulin, cholesterol, and triglycerides were measured. Initially, the operated fat group was significantly (p < 0.01) lighter than the nonoperated group. By 9 weeks postoperatively, the operated fat rat group had regained weight and continued to grow at the same rate as the nonoperated fat rats because of intra-abdominal fat depots. Lipectomy had no effect on growth rate of the lean rat group. Although lipectomy caused no consistent change in serum glucose or insulin levels, it caused a significant decrease in lipid levels. For example, the operated fat rats had a reduction in cholesterol from 876 to 171 mg/dl by 15 weeks postoperatively, and serum cholesterol persisted at about 50 percent of the nonoperated group throughout the rest of the study (38 weeks postoperatively). Even a greater reduction in triglyceride levels occurred, for example, from 7415 to 1082 mg/dl at 24 weeks postoperatively. Lipectomy did not cause a change in lipid levels in the lean group. It is concluded that the lipectomy in the Zucker fat group is an excellent model to evaluate the effects of changes in fat cell number on lipid metabolism.     

Developmental patterns of acid hydrolases during differentiation of fetal mouse skin

A dye reduction method was developed for estimating total aerobic and/or psychrotrophic bacterial counts in ground beef. The method is based on color changes in indicator disks placed on the meat surface.     

Pyrolysis studies of organic oxygenates: 3. High temperature rearrangement of aryl alkyl ethers

Thermal chemistry pathways of aryl alkyl ethers have been investigated under coal conversion-like conditions. Anisole is a thermally reactive compound having an oxygen functionality found in such coal precursors as lignins. Pyrolysis of anisoles was carried out using small batch autoclaves. Under thermolysis conditions anisole yielded a product distribution strongly dependent upon experimental parameters. Phenol, methane, CO and benzaldehyde are the low molecular weight products and polyphenyls and polyethers are the predominant high molecular weight products. The generation of CO is explained by a high temperature rearrangement of the phenyl group from O- to C- followed by rapid thermal decarbonylation of the benzaldehyde. Carbon monoxide formation from aryl alkyl ethers can thus be an important mechanistic pathway in coal conversion processes. By investigating the rearrangement using para-fluoroanisole it was shown that this rearrangement proceeds via a three-centered intermediate to para-fluorobenzaldehyde. No meta isomer was observed.     

Proton MR spectroscopic findings in paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia

Although paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia (PKD) has characteristic clinical features, the pathophysiology of PKD has remained unknown. The purpose of this study was to investigate the pathophysiology of idiopathic PKD by performing proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) in five patients with idiopathic PKD. Three patients were familial and two sporadic. Single-voxel 1H-MRS was performed on a GE 1.5-T SIGNA MR system. Localized 1H-MR spectra were obtained from the basal ganglia (n = 5), thalamus (n = 3), and supplementary motor area (SMA; n = 4) using STEAM sequence (stimulated echo acquisition mode; TR = 3.0 sec, TE = 30 msec, 64 AVG, volume = 8 mL) or PRESS (point resolved spectroscopy; TR = 3.0 sec, TE = 135 msec, volume = 4 mL). Peak ratios of Cho/Cr (Cho: choline, Cr: creatine) and mI/Cr (mI: myoinositol) were decreased significantly in the unilateral basal ganglia of two patients. In one, decreased peak ratio of mI/Cr in the unilateral basal ganglia was the only abnormality. In the remaining two, there was no significant abnormality. 1H-MR spectra obtained from the thalamus and SMA were all within normal limits. In conclusion, these results suggest that underlying pathophysiological mechanism of PKD may be at least partially associated with the dysfunction of cholinergic system in the basal ganglia.